how did military commanders in olden times send instructions across hundreds of miles without concern of forgery or interception?
Let me know if there is a better community for this type of question. I am still learning my way around.
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Forgery and interception happened all the time. So did just pure confusion and chaos. Here is a lovely example from the legendary Battle of Karánsebes:
I can't read that text below.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kar%C3%A1nsebes
Thank you.