That's definitely possible, but is way more expensive than using an existing system like GPS.
Cameras are not too great. Ground-station-based radio positioning systems, some of which can be used to enhance GPS precision to centimeters, already exist. (The ground stations, in a mesh tens of kilometers apart, get their position to that precision by averaging GPS over several days.) I'm pretty sure there is already a system on non-GPS frequencies too.
I also suspect vibration from the motor may make camera/vision based triangulation more difficult.
That's definitely possible, but is way more expensive than using an existing system like GPS.
Cameras are not too great. Ground-station-based radio positioning systems, some of which can be used to enhance GPS precision to centimeters, already exist. (The ground stations, in a mesh tens of kilometers apart, get their position to that precision by averaging GPS over several days.) I'm pretty sure there is already a system on non-GPS frequencies too.
I also suspect vibration from the motor may make camera/vision based triangulation more difficult.