The Veluwemeer Aqueduct: Netherland's Unique Water Bridge

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The Veluwemeer Aqueduct, also known as the Drontermeeraqueduct, is a unique structure in the Netherlands that carries a canal over a large lake.This impressive water bridge spans the Veluwemeer lake, connecting the provinces of Flevoland and Gelderland

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Any reason this was more practical than building a bridge?

Tall sail boats.

But it's only 3m deep. How long are keels on tall sailboats?

A lot of the sail ships used on inland waters here have flat bottoms, like for instance the skûtsje. So they can sail in quite shallow waters.

[edit] I’ve looked it up and for instance a tjalk (historic freight ship) can have a mast height of around 20-25 meters, but has a sailing depth of only 80-200 cm. Due to their flat bottoms, they can easily move around the inland lakes and canals, which are often only a few meters deep.

Most 10-meter-ish sailboats have less than 3 meters-deep keels, usually less than 2 meters.

No height restriction for boats with masts perhaps