When you share a link on Mastodon, a link preview is generated for it, right?
With Mastodon being a federated platform (a part of the Fediverse), the request to generate a link preview is not generated by just one Mastodon instance. There are many instances connected to it who also initiate requests for the content almost immediately.
And, this "fediverse effect" increases the load on the website's server in a big way.
Does Lemmy not cause this issue? Other federated software was not mentioned in the article at all.
So the preview should be federated as well?
How many requests are we actually talking about here, though? Is that better or worse than everyone clicking the link?
There's some problem with a federated previews: tricking one instance into generating the wrong preview would spread to every instance. It's been exploited for malware and scam campaigns in message apps.
Here's a related, interesting example for BlueSky, on generating disguised links and preview cards (with content the url doesn't actually contain) for anyone curious: https://github.com/qwell/bsky-exploits
What is the threat model here?
Masquerading a normal looking link for another one, usually phishing, malware, clones loaded with ads.
And also have my instance intercept it to provide Google's embed preview image, and it federates that with other instances.
Now, for everyone it would look like a Google link, but you get Microsoft Google instead.
I could also actually post a genuine Google link but make the preview go somewhere else completely, so people may see the link goes where they expect even when putting the mouse over it, but then they end up clicking the preview for whatever reason. Bam, wrong site. Could also be a YouTube link and embed but the embed shows a completely different preview image, you click on it and get some gore or porn instead. Fake headlines, whatever way you can think of to abuse this, using the cyrillic alphabet, whatever.
People trust those previews in a way, so if you post a shortened link but it previews like a news article you want to go to, you might click the image or headline but end up on a phony clone of the site loaded with malware. Currently, if you trust your instance you can actually trust the embed because it's generated by your instance.
On iMessage, it used that the sender would send the embed metadata, so it was used for a zero click exploit by sending an embed of a real site but with an attachment that exploited the codec it would be rendered with.
Couldn't a malicious ActivityPub server do similar things now?
2 requests per instance - one for the HTML of the page and another for a preview image.
Lemmy (and Kbin for that matter) very much do the same thing for posts. I don't think they fetch URL previews for links in comments, but that doesn't matter: posts and comments are both fairly likely to end up spreading to Mastodon/etc anyway, so even comments will trigger this cascade.
Direct example: If you go to mastodon.social, stick @fediverse@lemmy.world in the search box at the topleft and click for the profile, you can end up browsing a large Mastodon server's view of this community, and your very link has a preview. (Unfortunately, links to federated communities just result in a redirect, so you have to navigate through Mastodon's UI.)
They say it's fediversal in the comments on Mastodon.
Direct link to article:
https://news.itsfoss.com/mastodon-link-problem/
TL;DR:
Does Lemmy not cause this issue? Other federated software was not mentioned in the article at all.
So the preview should be federated as well?
How many requests are we actually talking about here, though? Is that better or worse than everyone clicking the link?
There's some problem with a federated previews: tricking one instance into generating the wrong preview would spread to every instance. It's been exploited for malware and scam campaigns in message apps.
Here's a related, interesting example for BlueSky, on generating disguised links and preview cards (with content the url doesn't actually contain) for anyone curious: https://github.com/qwell/bsky-exploits
What is the threat model here?
Masquerading a normal looking link for another one, usually phishing, malware, clones loaded with ads.
Like, lets say I post something like
And also have my instance intercept it to provide Google's embed preview image, and it federates that with other instances.
Now, for everyone it would look like a Google link, but you get Microsoft Google instead.
I could also actually post a genuine Google link but make the preview go somewhere else completely, so people may see the link goes where they expect even when putting the mouse over it, but then they end up clicking the preview for whatever reason. Bam, wrong site. Could also be a YouTube link and embed but the embed shows a completely different preview image, you click on it and get some gore or porn instead. Fake headlines, whatever way you can think of to abuse this, using the cyrillic alphabet, whatever.
People trust those previews in a way, so if you post a shortened link but it previews like a news article you want to go to, you might click the image or headline but end up on a phony clone of the site loaded with malware. Currently, if you trust your instance you can actually trust the embed because it's generated by your instance.
On iMessage, it used that the sender would send the embed metadata, so it was used for a zero click exploit by sending an embed of a real site but with an attachment that exploited the codec it would be rendered with.
Couldn't a malicious ActivityPub server do similar things now?
2 requests per instance - one for the HTML of the page and another for a preview image.
Lemmy (and Kbin for that matter) very much do the same thing for posts. I don't think they fetch URL previews for links in comments, but that doesn't matter: posts and comments are both fairly likely to end up spreading to Mastodon/etc anyway, so even comments will trigger this cascade.
Direct example: If you go to mastodon.social, stick
@fediverse@lemmy.worldin the search box at the topleft and click for the profile, you can end up browsing a large Mastodon server's view of this community, and your very link has a preview. (Unfortunately, links to federated communities just result in a redirect, so you have to navigate through Mastodon's UI.)They say it's fediversal in the comments on Mastodon.