Best Filesystem for NAS?
A year ago I set up Ubuntu server with 3 ZFS pools on my server, normally I don't make copies of very large files but today I was making a copy of a ~30GB directory and I saw in rsync that the transfer doesn't exceed 3mb/s (cp is also very slow).
What is the best file system that "just works"? I'm thinking of migrating everything to ext4
EDIT: I really like the automatic pool recovery feature in ZFS, has saved me from 1 hard drive failure so far
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Ext4 does not have snapshots, COW or similar features. I am very happy with BTRFS. It just "works" out of the box.
I use BTRFS on everything too nowadays. The thing that made me switch everything to BTRFS was filesystem compression.
Yes compression is cool. Zstd level 3 to 6 is very quick too 😋
I use zstd too, didn't specifiy a level tho, so it's just using the default. I only use like â…” of the disk space I used before and I don't feel any difference in performance at all.
FWIW lvm can give you snapshots and other features. And mdadm can be used for a raid. All very robust tools.
Yes but BTRFS can this out of the box without extra tools. Both ways have their own advantage, but I would still prefer BTRFS
I'm in BTRFS, and wish I wasn't.
Booting into a failed mdadm RAID1 is normal,
whereas booting into a failed BTRFS RAID1 requires competent manual intervention, and special parameters given to the boot-kernel.
mdadm & lvm, with a fixed version of ZFS would be my preference.
ZFS recently had a bug discovered that was silently corrupting data, and I HOPE a fix has been got in.
Lemme see if I can find something on both of these points..
https://linuxnatives.net/2015/using-raid-btrfs-recovering-broken-disks
https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/27/openzfs_2_2_0_data_corruption/
_ /\ _
Never had problems, but I wish you all the best for your ZFS problem 🤗
Yes and BTRFS, unlike Ext4, will not go corrupt on the first power outage of slight hardware failure.
Wut? Ext4 is quite reliable.
I've run btrfs for years and never had a issue. They one time my system wouldn't boot it was due to a bad drive. I just swapped the drive and rebalanced and I was back up and running in less than a half an hour.
Corruption on power only regularly happened to me on xfs a few years ago. That made me swear to never use that fs ever again. Never seen it on my ext4fs systems which are all I have for years in multiple computers.
This will also happen to Ext4. You just wouldn't know it.
I'm confused with your answer. BTRFS is good and reliable. Ext4 gets fucked at the slightest issue.
Never had an issue with EXT4.
Had a problem on a NAS where BTRFS was taking "too long" for systemD to check it, so just didn't mount it... bit of config tweaking and all is well again.
I use EXT* and BTRFS where ever I can because I can manipulate it with standard tools (inc gparted).
I have 1 LVM system which was interesting, but I wouldn't do it that way in the future (used to add drives on a media PC)
And as for ZFS ... I'd say it's very similar to BTRFS, but just slightly too complex on Linux with all the licensing issues, etc. so I just can't be bothered with it.
As a throw-away comment, I'd say ZFS is used by TrusNAS (not a problem, just sayin'...) and... that's about it??
As to the OPs original question, I agree with the others here... something's not right there, but it's probably not the filesystem.
Yes both BTRFS and Ext4 are vulnerable to unplanned powerloss when writes are in flight. Commonly knows as a write hole.
For BTRFS since it use of Copy of Write, it is more vulnerable. As metadata needs to be updated and more. Ext4 does not have CoW.
That's the only true part of this comment.
As for everything else:
Ext4 uses journaling to ensure consistency.
btrfs' CoW makes it resistant to that issue by its nature; writes go elsewhere anyways, so you can delay the "commit" until everything is truly written and only then update the metadata (using a similar scheme again).
Please read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system.
BTRFS is currently not Journaling
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20220513113826.GV18596@twin.jikos.cz/T/#m46f1e018485e6cb2ed42602defee5963ed8c2789
Qu Wenruo did a write up on some of the edge cases. Partial write being one of them.
What you just posted concerns the experimental RAID5/6 mode which, unlike all other block group modes, did not have CoW's inherent safety.
As it stands, there is no stable RAID5/6 support in btrfs. If we're talking about non-experimental usage of btrfs, it is irrelevant.
This is where theory and practice diverge and I bet a lot of people here will essentially have the same experience I have. I will never run an Ext filesystem again, not ever as I got burned multiple times both at home/homelab and at the datacenter with Ext shenanigans. BTRFS, ZFS, XFS all far superior and more reliable.
I run BTRFS my self.
And I agree BTRFS , is superior.
ZFS will perform better on a NAS