Why is End of Life of an OS bad for an average user?
I get that there won't be any security updates. So any problem found can be exploited. But how high is the chance for problems for an average user if you say, only browse some safe websites? If you have a pc you don't really care much about, without any personal information? It feels like the danger is more theoretical than what will actually happen.
Or... are there any examples of people (not corpos) getting wrecked in the past by an eol OS?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uSVVCmOH5w
XP ... Exploited in 2 minutes
When you stop getting updates, that's okay if you're isolated, and not talking to any networks. But if you're on the network at all, you're falling behind the ecosystem. You stopped evolving, you're static target, everybody knows your door code etc etc etc
This is why you can see ancient machines running industrial machinery totally isolated, but you'd never see one attached to a network
This is kinda a bad argument as a regular user will not connect to the internet like this. You have a router or a carrier will have a CGN in front of your PC.
Many are using ipv6 these days, so no CGNAT used. Potentially with some level of protection (particularly in the mobile case), but there isn't a 100% guarantee.
But you are still going to have some form of statefull firewall, where this video the firewall was deliberately disabled.
This is like saying I can leave my front door unlocked because we have a neighborhood watch...
The number of users connecting their PC
forfeitdirectly to the modem or purposefully disabling all protections because they're too lazy is higher than you think.I would suspect, hardly anyone who knows how to do that is stupid enough to do it.
Most modems/ISP routers are relatively secure by default.
Carrier operated modems are run in NAT mode so a home PC will get a RFC1918 IP address not public routable ones
I think the common use case is telephones. Attaching your old cell phone to a random open Wi-Fi network is pretty common
But this is just a demonstration, it's still applies to using the internet, interacting with the network is the danger. Not how you interact with it. Browsing websites can send exploit payloads to your outdated software.
How is CGN going to stop you from downloading some exploit? CGN as well as NAT might have some level of security but it’s by no means a firewall or anti-exploit framework.
You didn't watch the video. Give it a watch then you will understand why I said that.
Not ipv6. Sometimes it’s just routed to you depending on your router.
I guess that's where I have a limited understanding of how Internet and maybe even exploits works: how would people even find my machine? There is little to no incentive, unlike with a corporation. They must know where my door is to even use the keys.
Can you just sort of do a brute force scan of all machines currently on the internet? Seems unlikely. In my mind, you can only access a machine if you have some idea about it's whereabouts, either physically or digitally. But then again, I have no knowledge about these kinds of things.
The internet is cheap, like amazingly cheap. Connecting to every possible computer on the internet is something people do regularly, every minute.
Even if your computer was not directly accessible, the fact that it's talking on the network is exploitable. There'll be known payloads, known buffer overflows, known software packages, that can be targeted just by you browsing the web. Advertisement networks or a common delivery mechanism, websites get exploited, somebody send you a link, random messages going to your phone, going to your messenger, going to your email, anything that your computer processes can be a delivery payload mechanism.
There is no Safeway to run outdated software on the network at all in any capacity.
Thanks for the thorough explanation! Interesting stuff, the examples really helped me see the many different ways an attack could work.
Anyone who has services open to the internet sees constant attacks in their log files. I bet I could pull some attacks right now that are less than twenty minutes old.
fail2ban is a common software on Linux that helps defend against these attacks. When someone fails to log into your service three times, it bans their IP permanently. It's generally issuing many bans a day.
They absolutely do scan every IP.
It's debated whether software like fail2ban actually helps or if it just makes attacks visible that would anyways fail if you have up to date software. Oftentimes, defensive software adds attack-surface because it adds more software that can be targeted by attackers.
Fail2ban might help with protecting against exploiting of bad passwords though.
Tar pitting, rate limiting, banning failed attempts, are all critical security measures. If you let somebody try passwords, login attempts, with infinite speed, allow people to brute force your systems, you will get exploited
Even if you don't get exploited, you can get asymmetrically DOSed. It takes a lot of compute power to deal with an authentication attempt, and not much compute power to put in a failed request
I totally agree about rate limiting, mostly against bad passwords that you are not in control of. But banning failed attempts is mostly not interesting if you ask me. It feels like the right thing to do, but IP addresses can change and other measures are better.
I agree. No ban should be permanent, just increasingly larger timeouts. If it's a legitimate user they'll have some other channel to reach out to to unban the IP
Check out shodan.io Search your own IP. There are plenty of state actor tools that do the same thing. vulnerable systems are targeted because they're vulnerable, not because there's a payout. Most of the time you'd just automate the attacks with something like msfconsole and a ruby script.
As a side note, a really old, slow computer can be very useful as a sacrificial piece of hardware for network security.
My network has a Honeypot built in the internal side. Honey pots are really useful!
That video has been proven faked/staged https://youtu.be/i-mNiFGQVZ8
Not proven faked, your video author chose a different set of parameters to test.
I.e. using a nat, Using sp2
It's a different test.
But in any circumstance, the original video is illustrative, of the dangers running outdated software
It seems like part of your thinking is: Why would a criminal invest effort to attack an average John Doe? The answer is: With a popular (widely used) operating system, the effort goes close to zero. Attacks can be automated, so they will be. Also, even if they are not interested in your data, they will be interested in other benefits they gain from controlling your computer:
There is a lot of crap crawling around on the internet that will infect any vulnerable machine it finds, completely automatically. There's no human behind it trying to hack you specifically on purpose. A fair amount of it is orphaned - the original creator doesn't have any control over it anymore. It's just spreading on the network through anything it can infect.
If you connect a vulnerable machine to the network, it will get infected by something and end up continuing to spread this kind of crap.
Ransomware usually doesn't care whether it's hitting a corporation or a real user. Even a "safe" website might serve unsafe ads. I have seen that a thousand times. It was just harmless history stealing in my case. But depending on what bugs will be found in the future it could be desastrous. And nobody at the ad network would see it because they would be using updated software.
So, it is only theoretical until it is not. Then it is too late.
Can you elaborate more about this "harmless history stealing" bit and how did you find it? Also, was the OS outdated in your case?
Like a sane person I use a system wide adblocker (Adguard) and unlock-origin in firefox. I also disable 3rd party iframes by default to reduce the crap being loaded by default on all my devices.
I meant that thing where it redirects you to another site and makes it impossible to go back to the site you were on.
Hmm, I thought modern day browsers had protection against redirect and history poisoning attacks. Guess not in all.
Was a few years ago.
Practice good hygiene and it'll be fine The trouble is that modern apps are forced to adopt features which depend on the new OS. Your old one will be incompatible, on purpose
The security aspect is secondary to the monetary growth and recuperation of investment in the new OS.
They spent all those monies to make it "AI" betting that you will eat it up and pay up. Now there will be significant pressure for them to "increase adoption" or someone gets fired
Really annoys me that Apple has a policy of no more updates after 7 years (or when they change the CPU architecture enough) — that's hardcore planned obsolescence & I think it made their hardware quality worse over time (in addition to being unrepairable)
Super lame. While I'm ranting, their trade in program is a scam that doesn't pay out almost ever. And otherwise they will "recycle it for free" making money Im sure
So yeah I'm pretty sure the era of MacBook superiority is over & imma buy a considerably higher spec System 76 laptop instead which comes with a repair bible for pretty much every scenario and is upgradeable
I am not using apple products myself any more, but 7 years of guaranteed support seems very reasonable, especially when our dumb ass economy runs on constant consumption and growth. They could just as easily make their devices break a week after the legally required warranty period is over, and you'd have to buy another
It's not reasonable, but it is understandable. This is why FOSS is the only viable alternative for sustainable computing.
Plus open hardware and open drivers an open firmware
Seeming reasonable in the context of the madness of constant growth is still not reasonable. I get what you mean, but we need to demand better of the ultra powerful if we want to see better in our lifetime.
Seven years for a phone right now is pretty reasonable. For a laptop, it's absolutely not.
Plus laptops and phones are converging.
No but you see, there's no reason a newer osx can't run on their older hardware most of the time. You can install new windows on an old laptop if it has the specs. It's not like they lost the drivers or whatever. It's a choice they made, cutting off users from security updates & newer apps & leaving them with a vulnerable device
Apple is trash but this is like the least trashy thing they do honestly
Drive-by downloads exist. They can come from "safe sites" via an ad network and if you are running an EOL OS, chances are you are running an EOL web browser with some well known remote code exploit
Sure, if you're actually being safe and following good security practices, the risk is low, but the average user does not follow all the best practices.
Even if the only way to get a computer virus was to literally clap your hands together three times while repeating "I wish to get a computer virus," some people would get a virus on their computer all time.
Security bad when not updated anymore.
OP, don't be stupid. Update your OS.
I do, just wanted to know more about how bad stuff actually would be if you wouldn't. Asked questions, learned a lot.
Fair enough. My apologies.
Unless it's to Windows 11. Then stubbornly decline every week that it harasses you until the end of time.
Windows 11 is literally just a reskin of win10, but with added HDR functionality. There's zero reason not to upgrade.
They almost snuck this dystopian nightmare into it. So yes, don't trust any future windows upgrades from here on out. Who knows what they still have in it that we didn't find out with this amount of backlash:
https://www.howtogeek.com/windows-11-recall-on-hold/
All talk about websites in the comments, but what about using just an email client and maybe ssh, rsync etc.
Show me a single person that uses these tools exclusively and does not care about updating their machine.
And even then: ssh does have vulnerabilities. Email clients also usually render HTML, which means they have a browser engine under the hood.
The average user starts on their usual websites and doesn’t even remember clicking on a link that leads elsewhere.
It'll probably be fine for a while.
Corporations still run windows XP / 2008 server, even 2003 server in cases. Add long as they are not exposed directly to the internet is fine.
This is fine Datacenter burns