Linux on old School Machines?
Hi all, the private school I work at has a tonne of old windows 7/8 era desktops in a student library. The place really needs upgrades but they never seem to prioritise replacing these machines. Ive installed Linux on some older laptops of mine and was wondering if you all think it would be worth throwing a light Linux distro on the machines and making them somewhat usable for a web browsing experience for students? They’re useless as is, running ancient windows OS’s. We’re talking pre-7th gen i5’s and in some cases pentium machines here.
Might be pointless but wonder what you guys think?
It's where Linux really shines, to be honest. Those specs will be fine. Great learning opportunity for the students too.
Absolutely. Maybe leave Gnome/KDE out and use a lighter WM, but they'll be just fine. Specially if they have 8GB or more RAM. I suppose those have at least dual core processors, so that won't be a (huge) bottleneck either. You can do a ton of stuff with those beyond just web browsing, like programming/text editing/spreadsheets and so on. I'd guess that available RAM is the biggest bottleneck on what they can do, specially if you like to open a ton of tabs on your browser.
This is my rule of thumb and process to choose DE and distro:
Using these rules, I've converted many laptops and computers for my family here in Greece, installing the most appropriate each time. The least powerful computer was my mom's old laptop, with 16 GB internal, 2 GB of RAM, 600 passmark points. As long as she's only opening 1 tab on Chrome (Debian/XFce), she fits in the 2 GB RAM without swapping (most of the time). I use Chrome and not Firefox for these older laptops because Chrome uses LESS memory than Firefox (there's an additional setting for it in the settings to help the matters more), and its youtube playback speed is much better too. I use firefox on more powerful computers, and it's my default too, just not for underpowered computers.
Chrome use less memory than chromium?
I think they're the same. It's FF that it's problematic with ram usage.
whoa there them's fightin' words
I think an awful lot of people would disagree with you on that one
Do the calculations yourself, because I have.
I have, and so have many others, which is why we disagree.
But why install chromium with spyware instead just chromium?
My mom and my family used chrome before, and they're used to its bells and whistles. I personally use firefox.
I would think chromium would use less memory
passmark is not a real world application, so its scores are meaningless in the real world.
I have seen respectable communities outright ban any use or discussion of passmark or cpubenchmark type sites
For me, it works just fine as a decision point. And real work usage of the computers I moved to Linux was very similar to what they report, they reflected just fine. So I don't see any point to not use it, or even more so, to not suggest it to others, when the discussion warrants it.
Friend of mine runs Linux on a 15 years old cheap consumer laptop, and it's working smoothly for browsing.
Just try. There's no risk and no costs trying. Have fun.
We must live life on completely different parameters
Yeah, I said they’re “useless as is”, because they’re running an outdated OS, have internet explorer on them, etc. the hardware is obviously far from useless but getting it to a good place in terms of user experience for a younger audience will involve a time investment. So yes, useless as is.
I’ve got systems with second and third gen i5s that are handling Windows 10 just fine, seems like what the school really needs is some SSDs.
Linux would definitely run better, so that’s worth it too.
If this school is heavily embedded im the Google ecosystem, ChromeOS Flex is an option. FydeOS is similar but without the Google Account requirement.
The biggest demands will come from the browser and its media players, not the OS. An i5 with 4gb RAM will be ok. Anything less will be marginal or worse. The modern web sucks. Did you know that mobile phones are starting to come with cooling fans? OMG.
There are very lightweight media players available that will run on anything with enough CPU power to decode whatever codec you are playing. It's modern web browsers that will be an issue with less than 4GB of RAM. There are lighter web browsers, but they usually don't support javascript or have very limited support for it.
Eh, JavaScript is overrated anyway
but required in modern world
I mean the media players that browsers and the web use. People want to click on youtube links. It all sucks.
Windows 7/8 ... "Old machines"...
....
Am i this old ?
They're over 10 years old at this point, Windows 10 released in 2015, 9 years ago.
Unfortunately, yes, we are old!
I left windows as xp got replaced with 7.
If I were to install Windows as a dual boot, that'd probably be my choice (xp).
My current machine was a 7, but the previous owner had installed Ubuntu by the time I bought it. It's slow enough, there's no way I'd put myself or the computer through running windows.
Yes, I was born before the Internet was.
daily drive Arch on a Core i3 550 ,I think you'll be able to figure out something
I highly recommend scavenging the machines, you're going to have your best chance with the machines if they're maxed out on RAM even if you end up with 1/4th of the total machines
As long as you can secure them it should be fine, and as long as you can deal with the user account issues. You’ll either need to join them to your Windows domain or explain to people why they can’t use their normal username and password. You’ll probably find the kids understand it better than the teachers.
Yeah, securing them might be the biggest challenge tbh. I work full-time at the school and won’t really have time to provide tech support. The windows machines are ‘managed’ by a third-party IT solutions company, but like I said they’re mostly useless at this point and are rarely turned on anymore.
Students don’t have user accounts so a generic log in could work. could see the school not allowing a Linux install without some sort of management/tech support procedure in place though. Security is probably the biggest hurdle to clear but I guess if we’re paying an IT company to manage window machines I don’t see why they couldn’t support Linux too, unless they’re unfamiliar with the OS :(
I mean, any modern Linux distro will be more secure out of the box than win 7/8 which are several years past their end of life.
Oh for sure, it’s just explaining that to boomer management that’s tough
I would just tell them, "look, Microsoft, the people who made this software, are telling us to never connect it to the internet again because it's insecure and will get viruses. Our only options are to either pay for new licenses for their latest OS for each machine (which probably isn't even compatible with the old hardware) or install a completely free OS that is open source and will promote tech literacy with our students."
Got with Xfce edition of either EndeavourOS (Arch based) or Mint (Ubuntu based). They’re both easy to set up.
XFCE is a lightweight desktop environment with all you’d expect from a Windows 7 machine (and more).
Hell, with a 7th gen i5 and 4 GB of RAM, just run Linux Mint Cinnamon on it at that point!
My son is using my 12 year old Asus 1215 netbook, that cost 300€ back then with Xubuntu to learn programming. Works fine. He can even run Minecraft on it. It glitches a lot though. It has an Intel Atom cpu...
We first tried Linux MX, but Xubuntu runs better.
Instead of you installing linux on them, why not make it a project for the kids? Give them a bunch of distros to try and see what they learn.
This is a good idea honestly, I’ll consider it!
Wholeheartedly agree!
To really learn computers, let them dig into all the guts (hardware & software). Of course letting them choose & install their top pick OS sounds like a great way to start.
Good luck!
That covers a pretty wide range of hardware, but that era would be around 2009-2015, give or take, so you would be looking at around Intel 1st gen to 6th gen most likely (Let's be honest, there is nearly zero chance institutions would be using anything but Intel in that era). Pentium-branded CPUs from that time range, unfortunately, likely means low-end dual core CPUs with no hyperthreading, so 2C/2T, but I have run Linux on Core2-era machines without issue, so hopefully the CPU specs will be okay.
2-8GB of DDR3 RAM is most likely for that era, and as others point out, will be your biggest issue for running browsers. If the RAM is anything like the CPUs, I am assuming you will be looking at the lower end with 2-4GB depending on how old the oldest machines you have are, so I second the recommendation of maybe consolidating the RAM into fewer machines, or if you can get any kind of budget at all, DDR3 sticks on ebay are going to be dirt cheap. A quick look and I see bulk listings of 20x4GB sticks for $26.
In terms of distro/DE, I second anything with XFCE, but if you could bump them up to around 8GB RAM, then I think any DE would be feasible.
Hard drives shouldn't be an issue I think, since desktop hard drives in the 320GB-1TB range would have been standard by then. Also, you are most likely outside of the "capacitor plague" era, so I would not expect motherboard issues, but you might open them up and dust them out so the fans aren't struggling. Re-pasting the CPUs would also probably be a good idea, so maybe consider adding a couple $5 tubes of thermal paste to a possible budget. Polysynthetic thermal compounds which do not dry out easily would be preferable, and something like Arctic Silver 5 would also be an era-appropriate choice, lol.
Thanks for the super-informative post :) I’ve had a look around some more machines and there’s some i3’s in the mix too. Think I’m going to try Mint xfce on one of them and see if it copes. Yeah, consolidating ram seems like it should be a priority. There are a few i3 machines sitting headless gathering dust on the floor, they seem like a good place to scavenge from
No problem! Mint XFCE sounds perfect to me.
I'm running Gnome 46 on i3 3217U with 4GB RAM. Works so smooth, maybe even better than Cinnamon. SSD makes all the difference.
It's exactly what I did when I was a student. There was an old pc that had a broken winXP install. I put Xubuntu on it and made it publicly accessible to the students. They loved it.
Yes of course it’ll work fine.
I use a third gen i5 laptop as a daily driver and run mid-poly count cad and cam, host windows vms and do everything else but play games that people expect out of a computer (no time for games nowadays).
Look into installing more ram and ssds in the old desktops and they’ll skip along happily for another decade or until mainline kernels drop support for their instruction set. I’m running Debian and rhel (seriously look into this, they have programs to get cheap licenses into the hands of educational institutions and provide good support) but probably anything is fine, just figure out account security so kids don’t go around copy and pasting whatever stack exchanges llm suggests into bash.
E: I read the rest of the thread and there’s a lot of “this worked for my computers/this worked for me” advice. Not hating, I literally gave that exact advice myself.
Call red hat sales if you’re in the us, I guess suse sales if you’re in europe or india. They’ll most likely set you up with a pilot program license and if not they’ll walk you through the process of creating one or two accounts to work around the “ten free machines but then you gotta pay” limitation.
You’ll be able to sell it to administration as “this program gets students in the drivers seat of the systems used for stem research, ai and android development for minimal upgrade cost and no new units. Developing familiarity with these systems will give students who pursue those studies a tangible advantage over their peers.”
If you have coworkers in computer education or it, sell it to them as a path to get more certs at a reduced or nonexistent cost (red hat and suse have their own cert programs that they use for training like ms and cisco do).
Good luck!
I still use my i5-4670k machine. It has a SATA SSD, only 8GB RAM, but it is a completely zippy machine. Ancient (by today's standards) 750Ti, but I only rarely use it for old games (Xonotic and Portal2) and it doesn't break a sweat.
Debian, i3wm, so it ends up being lightweight but that's my preferred setup regardless of specs.
I think you'll find these machines are exceedingly usable when you put a non-bloated OS on them
Just throw a USB stick on them and boot something like Linux Mint (defaults are pretty similar to Windows, should be obvious to anyone how to use it) to see how it runs with no installation and maybe showcase that to someone who could decide explaining briefly what it is and how it’s more lightweight.
I assume these have still some mechanical drives and that will probably be their biggest slow down. Upgrading to SSDs (which is still a lot cheaper than full computers) would bring them second life.
The i5’s have plenty of power for web browsing machines and can still be pretty snappy. Pentiums (4’s?) not so much, but it’s also worth trying
FreeGeek Portland has (had?) a sign: we clean windows.
All donated computers are scrubbed of previous data, tested & reassembled (if needed) & have Linux installed.
Oldest to newest hardware work fine.
Work 24 hours to take a system home. Training is free.
Edit. Adding:
They have a website & videos on how to use Mint OS (for browsing, gaming, homework & basics) for kids of all ages: FreeGeek Online
The hardware is totally fine, Linux requirements didnt really change at all in the last years.
KDE Plasma is a really well maintained desktop, poorly also with a ton of customization. It has a very familiar user experience. GNOME is also nice but not familiar at all.
On these machines, recommendations:
best would be to always delete the user account, so they need to store stuff on a network drive. That way they cannot permanently break a desktop, but you still dont need active directory stuff.
Be aware that managing many PCs is work. Keep it as simple as possible, install apps as systemwide flatpaks, keep the OS minimal, automate updates.
Maybe have a look at ansible, I think it is complex but the learning curve is worth the effort if you need to manage more than 4 machines.
Thanks for the advice re: management. Definitely something we’ll need to plan for.
Go mx linux fluxbox
They're unlikely to do worse than my laptop from 2008, and it's perfectly usable under Linux (bit of a lag when starting up large programs, that's all). As has already been said, go for a lighter desktop environment (XFCE, LXQT, Mate, TDE) unless these machines were high-spec'd for their era. For the oldest machines, you might want to consider installing Puppy Linux rather than one of the more mainstream distributions, since Puppy specializes in old x86-family hardware.
As others have stated, reviving them through Linux should be a piece of cake.
However, how many is "a tonne"? This is important information for the community to provide recommendations on administrating those systems.
There’s about 15 machines. Not a huge amount, I was definitely exaggerating with ‘a tonne’ haha. I think it just feels like a big waste, hence the exaggeration 😅
totally doable. But if you yeet the bloat, windows 10 will be more than fine. My dad runs windows 10 on a i5 2430m all in one. My old school computers had i5 2400s and 4 gb of ram and they ran windows 10 without too much issue.
Yeah I’ve installed LTSC on a couple of machines too (goofygoobers version, I think) so that’s another option
I think those reporting success running Linux on old hw should state the distro and window manager that they’re using if they want to provide useful feedback. I’m not in that group, but Tiny Linux comes to mind. Possibly Alpine? Probably better info to be had from daily-drivers.
If the machine has 4GB of RAM, then MATE, XFCE, LXDE, and LXQT will work well. I've used all of them on older computers. The distro doesn't really matter. If it has 8GB of RAM or more, it will run any DE you want to use.
If the machine has less than 4GB of RAM and can't be upgraded, it's not going to be very useful. Sure, you can put a lightweight window manager on them, but they are not going to run a web browser well. They could still be used for teaching students how to install Linux though.
or they can be used as a server. trust me it works good as a server.
My first try would be mint, second endeavorOS with KDE
You also can upgrade them to Win10. Make sure you have a AD domain along with monitoring and blocking as required in your area.
You should not connect machines running Win7 or 8 to the internet.